Security Council 7758th meeting

Security Council 7758th meeting, Tuesday, 23 August 2016, 10 a.m. New York

Agenda 
Non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction 
Challenges in addressing proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, their means of delivery, and related materials

Mr. Gregory Koblentz, Associate Professor and Director of the Biodefence Graduate Programme of George Mason University

[Start]
The President: I thank Mr. Roux for his briefing. （通报，发言是statement）I now give the floor to Mr. Koblentz（请xx发言）.

Mr. Koblentz: I thank you, Mr. President, for this opportunity to provide a briefing on how advances in science, technology and international commerce（国际贸易） 的进展/不断进步are increasing the risk （会如何放大）posed by the proliferation of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) （扩散到）weapons to non-State actors (非国家行为体)（所带来的风险）.

主席先生，我感谢你给我这次机会来做通报。谈谈科学、技术和国际商业的进步如何增加化学、生物、辐射和核武器向非国家行为体扩散的风险作通报。（更贴原文，模糊的就模糊）

Since resolution 1540 (2004) was adopted(1540号决议在2004年被采纳后), in 2004, it has emerged as one of the most important tools / the international community has to prevent the proliferation (扩散) of CBRN weapons (化生放核武器) to non-State actors.  该决议已成为国际社会防止化生放核武器向非国家行为体扩散的最重要工具之一。/ Since 2004, however, there have been amazing advances in science and technology, （2004 年之后，科学技术取得了惊人的进步）/including （包括）technological breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, robotics, 3D printing, autonomous vehicles, nanotechnology, gene editing (基因编辑) and synthetic biology (合成生物学)（都取得了突破，）. Those advances（进而） have created unparalleled opportunities （创造了前所未有的机会）and capabilities to manipulate objects / in the physical world and in cyberspace, and even our DNA. （这些进步为操纵物理世界和网络空间中的事物，甚至是我们的 DNA / 创造了无与伦比的机会和能力。）

The combination of these emerging technologies / led the World Economic Forum in 2015 / to declare that we were at the beginning of a fourth industrial revolution.（这些新兴技术的结合促使世界经济论坛在 2015 年宣布我们正处于第四次工业革命的开端。） This new industrial revolution is characterized by its global scope, an exponential rate of innovation and the convergence（...交织在一起） of the chemical, biological, physical and digital worlds. （ 这场新工业革命的特点是覆盖全球、创新发展速度极快、以及化学、生物、物理和数字世界的融合。字面上存在模糊，不要擅自解读）This new industrial revolution has the potential to create huge benefits for productivity and for prosperity and to transform our systems of economics and governance（经济和治理体系）. / 有望产生巨大效益（好的时候这么说）有可能产生什么后果（不好的）

But the fourth industrial revolution has a dark side. The same scientific discoveries and technologies fuelling this new industrial revolution have the potential to be misused by non-State actors to cause harm. Klaus Schwab, Executive Chair of the World Economic Forum (世界经济论坛执行主席), warned:

“As this process takes place and new technologies such as autonomous or biological weapons become easier to use, individuals and small groups will increasingly join States in being capable of causing mass harm. This new vulnerability will lead to new fears.”

It would be far more preferable to predict（我们最好能够） how these emerging technologies could be misused（预测这些新型技术可能被滥用的情况） and take steps ahead of time to mitigate these risks than to wait to respond after these new technologies are used to cause harm on a large scale.

I submitted a paper（文件） that describes five advances in science and technology that increase the risk of CBRN material（化生放核材料） weapons proliferating to non-State actors. I have time to discuss these developments only briefly this morning, so I will refer the Council (安理会) to the full paper（文件） for more details. 更多细节请安理会参阅完整版 /

The first area of concern（第一个领域是） is unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (无人机/无人航空载具). UAVs are no longer so expensive or sophisticated （不再复杂） that they are restricted to a handful of States. Indeed, several terrorist groups, such as Hamas (哈马斯), Hezbollah (真主党) and the Islamic State (伊斯兰国), already fly their own UAVs. The ability of UAVs to collect intelligence over highly secure facilities has proliferation risks. For example, in 2014, unidentified UAVs flew over nuclear reactors in France and Belgium for unknown purposes. // Earlier this year, an unidentified UAV was seen flying over a United States Navy base that hosts several strategic missile submarines.（今年早些时候，有人看到一架身份不明的无人驾驶飞行器在美国海军基地上空飞行，该基地停有数艘装备了战略导弹的潜艇。） Future versions of UAVs could be turned into flying improvised explosive devices (未来版本的无人机可能会变成飞行简易爆炸装置。). These drone bombs could fly over ground-based defences and precisely target critical areas of nuclear facilities or sites that store toxic industrial chemicals（攻击...场所，瞄准关键区域）. Finally, UAVs could one day be used to deliver（运载/投放）weapons of mass destruction directly. While these commercially available（市面上能买到的） UAVs are unlikely to be capable of carrying nuclear weapons, the low-speed, low-altitude, low payload (载重/载荷) capacity of UAVs is well suited for delivering chemical and biological agents（战剂/武器） against civilian targets.（攻击平民目标）

Another emerging technology of concern is 3D printing, because 3D printers are machines that print physical objects layer by layer, using special inks made out of plastic or metal（它所使用的“墨水”是塑料或金属）. Because 3D printing is highly automated, it takes much of the skill out of fabrication. The versatility of 3D printing has led to predictions that the market for this technology will reach $30 billion by 2022. As technology advances, more-capable machines are becoming more widely available to more people. Already, amateurs have used 3D printers to create plastic handguns that can be smuggled through X-ray detectors and into buildings and secure facilities. Scientists have used 3D printers to print micro-reactors (微型反应器) that can synthesize chemicals on a small scale. 3D printers create new opportunities for non-State actors to engage in do-it-yourself proliferation（不借助外力也可以扩散）. If they are unable to buy controlled items on their own, they may be able to print them themselves one day. [Stop]