A Bug in the System
Emoji/Icon Sample & Meaning
❓(Questioned)❗(Important)‼️(Very Important)⭕(Okay)❌(Not Okay)✅(Yes)❎(No)
———— unpublished ———— item ———— delete ———— after ———— publishing ————
A Bug in the System
Wil S. Hylton – the New Yorker, 2015
Each year, contaminated food（沾染了病菌的食物）sickens（使...人得病） forty-eight million Americans,
在美国，每年有xxx人因xxx而xxx
of whom a hundred and twenty-eight thousand are hospitalized, and three thousand die.
结构不重要，精简：其中十二万八千人住院
hospitalized：比较严重的住院
of whom -> 造成多少人住院（而不是“其中多少人住院”），多少人死亡
Many of the deadliest pathogens, such as E. coli (大肠杆菌) and listeria (李斯特菌), are comparatively rare; many of the most widespread, such as norovirus (诺如病毒), are mercifully mild.
传播虽然广但危害不大。最重要的是对比：要命的少，不要命的多
Salmonella (沙门氏菌) is both common and potentially lethal.
既常见又致命
It infects more than a million Americans each year, sending nineteen thousand victims to the hospital,
一百万人感染，一万九千人入院
and killing more people than any other food-borne pathogen.
致死人数（把killing more结构换掉）超过了其他任何一种食（媒）性病原体。
A recent U.S.D.A (美国农业部) study found that twenty-four per cent of all cut-up chicken parts are contaminated by some form of salmonella.
减少一些不必要的虚词；cut-up chicken：切件鸡
Another study, by Consumer Reports (《消费者报告》杂志), found that more than a third of chicken breasts tainted with salmonella carried a drug-resistant strain.
strain（毒株还是菌株分清）
By the time Schiller became infected by salmonella, federal officials had been tracking an especially potent outbreak of the Heidelberg variety (海德堡型沙门氏菌) for three months—it had sent nearly forty per cent of its victims to the hospital.
当时（在那时）=在上一句话结束的“时候”
Schiller感染了沙门氏菌，那时联邦官员追查大规模的海德堡式沙门氏菌爆发，已经查了三个月。已经有40%的病人住院了。（尽量省略）
The outbreak began in March, but investigators discovered it in June, when a cluster of infections on the West Coast prompted a warning from officials at the C.D.C.’s PulseNet monitoring system, which tracks illnesses reported by doctors.
爆发三月初现，但调查人员六月才发现。西海岸集中出现了一些感染病例，疾控中心的Plusenet监控系统因此（prompted）发出警报。医生上报的病例都会汇总到这个系统中。
Scientists quickly identified the source of the outbreak as Foster Farms facilities（生产设施/工厂/屠宰场/加工厂） in California, where federal inspectors had discovered the same strain of pathogen during a routine test.
此前联邦调查员很快地发现xxxx，爆发的源头是查到了类似的菌株
Most of the victims of the outbreak confirmed that they’d recently eaten chicken, and many specifically named the Foster Farms brand. On August 9th, investigators joined a conference call（电话会议） with Foster Farms executives（高层/高管/领导） to inform them of the outbreak and its link to the company.
开了一场电话会议，说明了爆发的情况，告诉他们这家公司和爆发有关系
Identifying the cause of an outbreak is much simpler than trying to stop one. Once officials have traced the contamination to a food producer, the responsibility to curb the problem falls to the U.S.D.A.’s Food Safety and Inspection Service (食品安全检验局), or F.S.I.S.
查明源头容易，组织扩散要难得多。
转换（最高级换成比较级别=）
In the summer of 2013, as the outbreak spread, F.S.I.S. officials shared the C.D.C.’s conclusion that Foster Farms meat was behind the outbreak, but they had no power to force a recall of the tainted（问题鸡肉） chicken.
Federal law permits a certain level of salmonella contamination in raw meat. But when federal limits are breached, and officials believe that a recall is necessary, their only option is to ask the producer to remove the product voluntarily.
一旦有问题出现就有必要要求生产商召回。
Even then, officials may only request a recall when they have proof that the meat is already making customers sick.
中文的：这那
As evidence, the F.S.I.S. typically must find a genetic match between the salmonella in a victim’s body and the salmonella in a package of meat that is still in the victim’s possession, with its label still attached. If the patient has already eaten the meat, discarded the package, or removed the label, the link becomes difficult to make, and officials can’t request a voluntary recall.
证明xx就是什么；需要用基因匹配的方法来检测患者体内的沙门氏菌
如果肉吃完了，包装扔了，标签撕了，就无法匹配xxx
As the Heidelberg outbreak continued into the fall（到了秋天还在继续）, F.S.I.S. investigators tracked down（找到） dozens of patients and asked them to search their homes for contaminated chicken. In some cases,（他们确实找到一些来自福斯特农场的鸡肉） they discovered Foster Farms chicken that tested positive for salmonella— but they could not find a genetic match. David Goldman, who oversees public health at the F.S.I.S., told me, “We started about a hundred and forty trace-back efforts. And we failed in every case.”
Meanwhile, Foster Farms was still producing chicken. By mid-September, on the week that Schiller checked into the hospital, at least fifty new patients had been infected—the most of any week（最严重/最多的一周） since the outbreak began. On October 8th, the C.D.C. issued its first warning to the public: two hundred and seventy-eight patients had now been infected with Heidelberg in seventeen states, the agency reported, and Foster Farms chicken was the “likely source” of the outbreak. On November 15th, the C.D.C. raised the number to three hundred and eighty-nine victims in twenty-three states. By early July（七月初）, 2014, there were six hundred and twenty-one cases（达到621例）. Scientists estimate that for each reported case twenty-eight go unreported（每一个报告的对应28个病例）, which meant that the Foster Farms outbreak had likely sickened as many as eighteen thousand people.（这次爆发感染人数可能高达...）
数字多的时候结构没关系
Finally, on July 3, 2014, more than a year after the outbreak began, officials at the F.S.I.S. announced a genetic match that would allow the agency to request a recall. Foster Farms executives agreed to withdraw the fresh chicken produced in its California facilities during a six-day period in March of that year（在加州生产的鸡肉，但仅限于三月份六天内生产）. All other Foster Farms chicken would remain in distribution.